Kyakkyawar baƙar fata / Afirka: Zawditu, Empar Sarki na farko na wata ƙasa ta Afirka da ƙasashen duniya da ake kira da ƙima suka amince da ita “Idan aka san sarauniya Zawditu ta kasance a cikin shugaban Africanasar Afirka mai zaman kanta da kuma duniya ta yarda da shi; Zawditu ita kadai ce mace daya tilo da ta kasance sarauniyar Habasha da aka sani a tarihi saboda gwagwarmayar da ta yi, wanda ta taimaka matuka wajen kawar da bautar a shekarar 1923 duk da cewa tafarkin da take da shi da kuma gajeren mulkinta sun cika da mutane da yawa. hadari ”

A cikin 1916, a ranar 27 ga Satumba, wani Zawditu ya zama Sarauniyar Habasha kuma ya sami taken “Sarauniyar Sarauniya. Wannan ya nuna wani muhimmin lokaci a tarihin Daular Habasha da ma a duk tarihin Afirka kamar yadda ta zama mace ta farko da ta shugabanci wata kasa da aka amince da ita a Afirka a cikin karni na XNUMX da na XNUMX. ƙarni. Kuma wannan, a cikin yanayin da ƙasarsa, Habasha, ba ta san mulkin mallaka ba.

An bai wa sarauniya Zawditu damar sarauta bayan mutuwar ɗanta tilo da mahaifinta ya mallaka, Sarki Menelik II, tun yana yaro. Koyaya, lokacin da mahaifinsa ya mutu a cikin 1913, Lij Iyasu, ɗan 'yar'uwar' yar'uwar Zawditu Shewa Regga, ya karɓi mulki. Lokacin, kafin Zawditu ya ɗauki kambin, ba sauki. Sabon Sarkin ya ga Zawditu a matsayin barazana kuma ya ba da umarnin a fitar da ita da mijinta daga Habasha. Wannan shi ne yadda na biyun suka yi ƙaura har sai masu martaba sun yi watsi da mulkin Lij Iyasu kuma suka umarci Zawditu ya zama Sarauniya.

A hanyar, Zawditu ya ɗauki rawanin. Ta yi mulkin Daular Habasha daga 1916 har zuwa Afrilu 2, 1930, lokacin da aka tsinci gawarta a gidanta. Yayin da wasu ke ganin ta mutu ne saboda kaduwa da mutuwar mijinta a yaƙi, wasu kuma suna ba da shawarar ta mutu ne bayan ta yi fama da cutar taifot da kuma ta yi fama da ciwon suga.

Kodayake mulkinta gajere ne, akwai mahimman abubuwa wadanda suka sa ta zama mai tunawa da Daular. A gefe guda, Sarauniya Zawditu ta yi nasarar kawar da bautar a Habasha saboda taimako da kokarin “Rastafari Philosophy” na Ras Tafari Makonnen (Hailé Selassie II), wanda ke ba da ‘yanci. Jim kaɗan bayan kawar da bautar, Empress Zawditu ita ma ta jagoranci Habasha zuwa cikin League of Nations (League of Nations), yanzu Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Sarauniya Zawditu kirista ce mai aminci kuma ta gina majami'u da yawa a Habasha. Ta taimaka sosai wajan kafa Ikklesiyar Orthodox ta Habasha a cikin Daular tare da fatan cewa Islama ba za ta kahu sosai a Habasha kamar Kiristanci ba.

Sarautar Zawditu ita ma ta alama ce domin mai mulkin sa Ras Tafari Makonnen ya kula da al'amuran jihar. Ras Tafari shi ma an nada shi magaji, saboda babu ɗa daga cikin 'ya' yan sarauta Zawditu da ya rayu ya ɗauki matsayin. An yi kokarin cire Ras Tafari daga mukaminsa a matsayin mai mulki, wanda hakan bai yi nasara ba.

Don haka sarauniya Zawditu ta nada Ras Tafari a matsayin Negus kuma ya zama ya zama mai mulkin Habasha a wannan lokacin. Bayan haka, Iyasu ya yi juyin mulki don sake dawowa gadon sarauta tare da taimakon mahaifinsa, Negus Mikael de Wollo. Sojojin Empress Zawditu sun ci Negus Mikael a yaƙin Segale, kuma Iyasu ya bar yankin. Ana cikin haka sai aka kamo Iyasu aka jefa shi a kurkuku.

Mai yuwuwar kayar da shugaban, ya roƙi Sarauniya Zawditu da jinƙai. Haka kuma, Sarauniya Zawditu tana matukar yabawa Sarauniyar Burtaniya Victoria kuma ta bi hanyoyinta da yawa. Duk da haka, Empress Zawditu ita ma ta kasance mai kaifin imani da kiyaye al'adu, kuma tana adawa da makauniyar zamanantar da Masarautarta saboda tsoron danne al'adun Habasha, al'adun gargajiya da al'adunsu. An haifi Zawditu a ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 1876 ga Emperor Menelik II, sannan Sarkin Shewa, Zawditu ya yi aure yana da shekara 6 da ɗa ga Emperor, ɗan Emperor Yohanness Ras Araya Selassié Yohannes. Auren wani yunkuri ne na kawar da duk wata takaddama tsakanin mahaifin Zawditu da Masarautar, amma shirin bai yi aiki ba.

Sarauniya Zawdiitu tayi aure har sau 3, amma bata haihu ba. A lokacin mutuwarta, an maye gurbin ta da Tafari Makonnen wanda, bayan ya zama Sarki, aka sake masa suna Hail Sélassié. Har wa yau, ita ce mace tilo da ta yi sarauta a matsayin Sarauniyar babbar Daular Habasha mai 'yanci yayin da sauran Afirka ke karkashin turawan mulkin mallaka na Turai.